Exploring How the Symbolism and Imagery of Blackness Help...

Exploring How the Symbolism and Imagery of Blackness Help Shakespeare to Create Meaning in Othello Shakespeare uses various symbol of blackness to express negative and racist attitudes. He does this to meet the expectations of the Elizabethan audience, who held certain misconceptions about black people. Shakespeare uses this early in the play and involves characters such as Brabantio, Iago and Roderigo, this also assist in the construction of imagery. These racist remarks are directed towards Othello and the majority of the racist comments involve references to black stereotypes. Although, one of the plays focuses is the theme of racism, Othello’s demise is not triggered by racism as he ignores†¦show more content†¦In Elizabethan England (when the play was written/set) plays generally was consisted of white people as at that time the world was a ‘white’ society. Othello is called a ‘moor which can suggest Arab descent, however the language used in the play suggest that he is a black African. When the duke says the word ‘black’ in the sentence ‘you son-in-law- is far more fair than black’ to Brabantio there are more than one meanings to it. Shakespeare uses ambiguity with this word. The word ‘black’ could just have the obvious meaning, which is the colour of Othello’s skin. However, we know that Othello is not ‘fair’ therefore this gives us the impression that the Duke is implying that Othello’s personality is that of a white per son. When this play was written (Elizabethan England), the colour black was associated with evil, decay and death, all of which are negative features. For this reason, black people in plays were commonly stereotyped as criminals, Othello is a black man in a white society. Consequently the quote could have been seen as a compliment or an insult as the Duke is saying that black people are evil, but Othello is an exception. As Othello is of a ‘free and open nature’, it allows Iago to influence him later in the play. We discover that even early in the play, people such as Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio are stereotyping black people

Islamic Terrorism and the Attack of September 11 Essay

â€Å"I am scared because I dont exactly know and understand the complex world problems that would cause people to direct their hatred toward America (Mary Coleman, New York Times News Service 9/14) Even during the initial shock of September 11 that swelled my patriotism, even amidst the solemn mood of heroism that stirred my respect for the victims, their families, the New York City workers, and in spite of a sudden admiration for the media and for our leaders in government for their strength, resolve and composure, something in me knew that after the dust and debris had settled that this would be the essential question we would be left to wrestle with. This question posed by Mary Coleman just days after the attack,†¦show more content†¦This post-modern event, so unprecedented not because of the amount of destruction, but because of the unlikely U.S. target, needs a post-modern lens through which it can be viewed. With this in mind I will discuss various aspects of the current crisis in light of scholarly methods of investigation in the field of religion and myth. Certain themes have emerged within the warring points of view as this drama unfolds. There is the blurring of the distinction between Islam as a religion and the acts of terrorism that have occurred on the political stage. It is being blurred in both directions. The terrorists are fusing the two realms while the Americans and their allies are trying to make a rigid distinction between actions motivated by hate and what they call envy of U.S. freedom versus Islam as a religion which they would like to view as uncontaminated by cultural and political context. This theme lies within the domain of the scholarly debates on reductionism. Within this argument Mircea Eliade stands as the dominant figure who makes the distinction between what he calls the sacred and the profane. He argues against reductionism. He also states, with relevance to the current situation, that the so-called primitive peoples... are seeking to become active subjects of history instead of its passive objects, as they Show MoreRelatedThe Attack On September 111349 Words   |  6 PagesThe attack on September 11, 2001 is defined as a group of Islamic terrorist who are believed to be members of the al-Qaeda, attacking the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, also known as the Twin Towers, by hijacking four commercial airlines. Only three of the four attacks succeed. This is considered a terrorist attack to most of us. From this incident we can define terrorism as a well-planned violent attack that targets innocent people to send a political message by planting fear not just to theRead MoreThe War On Terrorism And Terrorism1614 Words   |  7 Pagesworld the same as prior to September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Suspicions and distrust of â€Å"other†, fear of the unknown, and unease about the role and status of the United States of America permeates the air. Islamophobic attacks increase by 1,700% in 2001. Prior to 9/11, the FBI recorded just 28 hate crimes against Muslims. The following year it increased to 481. For visible Muslims, the threat of violence and abuse is even higher (especially for women). Another fact 9/11 or 7/7 were often labeledRead More Terrorism Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism is a form of violence that is difficult to define. The State Department defines terrorism as quot;premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.quot; Terrorism is not a random, undirected, purposeless act of violence, it has definite goals and violence is the medium of attaining those goals. 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The experience of Muslims who lived in America in 2001 and those who were yet to come here would never be the same again. After 9/11, the number of hate crimes against Muslims in the United Sta tes increased and their everyday lives changed forever due to the rise of islamophobiaRead MoreThe Events of Septemeber 11th, 2011: 9/11 Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesOn September 11th, 2001, the Islamic Extremist group, Al-Qaeda, had sent 20 terrorists to hijack three airliner jets to crash into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. A fourth jet was on route to the white house, but it crashed in the fields of Pennsylvania. Over three thousand people were killed during this tragic event. This major world event is referred as 9/11, which resulted in a major crackdown on terrorism. Jennifer Caverly, an 11th grade math teacher, thought 9/11 was a terrifying eventRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1193 Words   |  5 Pages The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman EmpireRead MoreA Look At The Main Goals Of Terrorism Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesKristen Resh War and Peace Henderson A Look at the Main Goals of Terrorism While terrorism dates back to around 1 BCE, it has become much more prominent in our everyday lives within the past few decades. We are constantly worried about the next attack, when it is going to happen, and where it will be. Whether it is physical or cyber, terrorism is one of the top concerns for the United States. Although it is extremely difficult to define, the U.S. Department of Defense describes it as â€Å"the calculatedRead MoreThe Bombing Of Twin Towers1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthere. They had almost controlled U.S. economy when they were existed. However, they got attacked on Setember, 2001. The attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. The attacks consisted of suicide attacks used to target symbolic U.S. landmarks. Due to the attacks many bad effects were occured. First, hundreds of thousands of tons of toxic debris containing more than 2,500 contaminantsRead MoreRacial Profiling : Just Mercy By Bryan Stevenson Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagespeople from Islamic ethnicity are believed to be racially profiled due to their history of terrorism and geographical background. Among the minorities, people with an Islamic religious viewpoint are treated differently throughout America. A dark day in United States history, the 9/11 attacks which killed almost three thousand people was conducted by Islamic terror group. â€Å"War on terrorism† started after the attacks of 9/11. Within days of the attack, thousands of Muslims and people from Islamic ethnicity

Analyze The Conduct Of The Nurse And Ethics †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyze The Conduct Of The Nurse And Ethics. Answer: Nurses have always played major role in patient safety. They are the professionals who are with the patient around the clock. They are the bed side professional and are also positioned for preventing the medication errors, ensuring the patient to get the safety treatment. A proper registered nurse is also well aware of the problems of the health care system that delay care (Johnstone, 2015). The following essay aims to focus on the type ofnursing that has been used in this case study and would analyze the conduct of the nurse. The essay will further give ideas about theNMBA standards of the nursing and how some of the standards have been breached in this case. For discussing the breaching of the standards we will provide a distinct idea about the different NMBA standard (Butts Rich, 2012). The essay is based on the analysis of a case study where some of the codes of ethics for the nurses and the midwives have been breached in this case. The essay proceeds with the overview of the patient. Patient A had been admitted to the hospital due to several comorbidities like acute breathlessness, tachycardia, leg edema and diabetes. Two days before his admission to the hospital he was found to visit the hospital with low BP and respiratory distress, where he was diagnosed and was found with fine creps in his lungs and low BP. He was applied oral Latix to relieve breathlessness, but according to the convict of Patient A, it did not decrease his breathlessness. He was admitted in to the hospital with more serious conditions. As per the report by HCCC commission, the condition of the patient was worsening day by day. It was reported that before the demise of Patient A, he was suffering from diarrhea and acute chest pain. On his last days, when he was being monitored for a clinical handover to some other improved setting, he died. It was reported that he died out of Septicemia. The essay aims to throw light on the malpractices and the indifference attitude of the health care professionals, towards a deteriorating patient, whose negligence succumbed death in Patient A. The case study already provides with the fact that the patient was suffering from very low blood pressure which is a matter of concern for an elderly patient. But the complaint said that the health practitioner failed to document the assessment of Patient A. The patients B.P was 89/53 and the respiratory rate was 40-44, signifying bradycardia. Inspite of observing the patients vital sign to be in the red zone, the respondent did not call or any medical review or did not inform the clinical nurse manager. As per the complaint, the respondent did not document the observations of the patient. The patient was suffering from prolonged back pain, but neither the health officer nor the respondent bothered to investigate the reason. It was visible that the white cell count in patient A has increased from the normal count, which was a clear condition of infection. The respondent had admitted in front of the committee that she was concerned about the patients condition and supported the fact t hat the hospital was not well equipped to deal with such critical conditions. As per the statement of the respondent, she had been informed at the clinical handover that the health practitioner who was attending the patient had gone away, and as there was no doctor available she waited for the locum to attend the patient. Registered nursing practice is normally evidence based and is person centered with curative, preventive, supportive, formative and palliative elements (Dawson, King Grantham, 2013). An RN should focus not only in establishing professional and therapeutic relationship with the patient but also with the patients family. In some cases the nurses have to establish non clinical relationship with the patient. It is her duty to look after the patient safety and care at any cost. There are seven standards of NMBA nursing that should be followed to ensure the best care to the patients. Out of these seven standards, the 3 standards that have been breached in this case are standard 1, standard 4 and standard 6 (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). Standard 1: Critical thinking and analysis Standard 4: comprehensive conduction of the assessments Standard 6: Provision of safe and appropriate quality of nursing. A registered nurse should be capable of accessing and allowing the best available evidences and should be able to develop practice reflecting on her experiences. The registered nurse should be able to use the ethical framework of nursing, but in this case it can be easily seen that the nurse failed to access the credibility of the vital signs and could not assess the deteriorating condition of the patient. It was clearly visible from the case study that the patient was suffering from leg edema, and the infection can spread if left untreated (Gastmans, 2013). It can be known from the evidences provided in the case study that the respondent was an experienced registered nurse. She had worked in pathology for long 9 years. Another feather in her cap was that the respondent was the nurse in charge of the hospital and she is First line emergency care trained. Therefore it is expected that she should employ all her experiences in providing an evidence based care to the patient. The respond ent was well aware of the fact that the patient was suffering from leg edema, but she did not find it important to administer any therapeutics to control the infection (Gastmans, 2013). According to RN Parker, the respondent failed to document anything in the patients medical record. It is evident from the case study, that in spite of finding the patient in the red zone, the RN did not arrange for any medical review. Since the registered nurse already had training in critical care, she would have been aware of the fact that a patient in the red zone requires prompt medical attention and should be immediately seen by a medical officer within 10 minutes (Johnstone, 2015). It should be discussed beforehand that the respondent was in charge of the afternoon shift, when there was no nurse manager in the hospital. It has to be remembered that part of the respondents role is to escalate issue to the nurse health manager, but it can be found that the respondent did not raise the condition of Patient A to Ms Jones (the clinical nurse manager). Thus it can be seen that standard 1,4,6 had been breached. There are certain codes of ethics, each nurse is entitled with, and that is commitment with the patient and staffs. The codes of ethics also include honesty, professional responsibilities and self integrity (Johnstone, 2015). It was reported that the hospital did not contain advanced facilities that were needed for the patient. Therefore it was required to shift the patient to some other improved healthcare setting, but it was a delayed decision. Awareness in part of the registered nurse in charge might have saved the life of the patient (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). It should be remembered that a proper clinical handover can mitigate the risks of deterioration in patients, as it helps the nurses and the health practitioners to save time and give a quick idea about the background of the patient (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). All these activities of the concerned nurse amounted to the unsatisfactory professional conduct of nursing. In a nutshell the factors that could have addressed in this case study are better monitoring of the vital signs, assessment of the signs, proper communication with the doctors via good clinical handovers, early detection of the risks of deterioration and provision of holistic care of approach to the patient (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). There are certain codes of ethics that I should uphold as a nurse. These codes of ethics would act like yardsticks to measure the nurses conduct (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). The code of ethics consists of trust, respect, partnership, honesty and integrity towards the patient. Although a nurse should perform duties based on the directives of the physicians, but it is also required to implement evidence based approach of care depending upon researches (Chadwick Gallagher, 2016). As nurse I should be able to assist a patient in dong his simple tasks. Unlike the concerned respondent in the case, I should be able to support the nurses on the ward and escalate the care when I see that the patient is deteriorating. It is to be noted that the patient is noted and was already suffering from various physical ailments (Fisher King, 2013). It should be noted that physical problem in elderly patients may lead to the dysfunction of his cognitive values. Thus, it is necessary that I provide a holistic care approach to the patients. It was written in the case study that the patient was unable to mobilize, as he was lacking energy. As a nurse I would have allowed some other methods of feeding. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participating in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are the key nursing roles that I would have incorporated in my profession. As a nurse I should have the power to understand the det eriorations in patients via my intuitions or evidence based research knowledge (Christensen Kockrow, 2013). Concern, worry in combination with the rapid response system often helps the nurses to believe on their intuitions and seek prior help from the doctors. Such a practice can largely reduce the recurrence of the sentinel events in a health care setting. Responsibility, attentiveness, competence and responsiveness are some of the principles that have to be maintained. Hence forth it can be concluded that the concerned nurse failed assess the patient properly which catalyzed the death of the patient. As a registered nurse, she should have addressed all the NMBA standards, but it can be clearly seen that she could not meet up to the professional code of conduct. Finally it can be said that as a nurse I should be able to conduct a systematic assessment and provide a safe, appropriate and responsive quality of nursing practice. References Bogossian, F., Cooper, S., Cant, R., Beauchamp, A., Porter, J., Kain, V., ... FIRST2ACT Research Team. (2014). Undergraduate nursing students' performance in recognising and responding to sudden patient deterioration in high psychological fidelity simulated environments: an Australian multi-centre study.Nurse education today,34(5), 691-696. Butts, J. B., Rich, K. L. (2012).Nursing ethics. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Chadwick, R., Gallagher, A. (2016).Ethics and nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Christensen, B. L., Kockrow, E. O. (2013).Foundations of Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Dawson, S., King, L., Grantham, H. (2013). Improving the hospital clinical handover between paramedics and emergency department staff in the deteriorating patient.Emergency Medicine Australasia,25(5), 393-405. Fahlberg, B. (2014). Promoting patient dignity in nursing care.Nursing2016,44(7), 14. Fisher, D., King, L. (2013). An integrative literature review on preparing nursing students through simulation to recognize and respond to the deteriorating patient.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(11), 2375-2388. Gastmans, C. (2013). Dignity-enhancing nursing care: a foundational ethical framework.Nursing ethics,20(2), 142-149. Grace, P. J. (2017).Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones Bartlett Learning. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rich, K. L. (2013).Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Russell, K. A. (2012). Nurse practice acts guide and govern nursing practice.Journal of Nursing Regulation,3(3), 36-42.

US Economy Domination Essays - Lester Thurow, Economy,

US Economy Domination Approaching to the 21st century, world economy becomes more and more global. In today's life, several parts of an item can be made in different countries and unified to produce an output. Realize a laptop whose processor is made in U.S, by Intel, whose screen is coming from Japan, Toshiba, and whose other various parts are coming either from Taiwan or from Korea. Lester C. Thurow, a professor of economics and management at the M.I.T, and the writer of the book "Building Wealth", considers this era as being the third industrial revolution. He claims that this one differs from the former two industrial revolutions, in a way that the first two revolutions were based on the capital and land. However, the third revolution is based on the technological improvements such as computers, robots etc., and knowledge. In the second revolution that created national economy, the main idea was the "German Systematic Industrial Research", research of land and capital. On the other hand, electricity that was invented during this era, created the modern life. The third one has created global economy. In each industrial revolution there had been a dominant country that leaded to the world economy. In the first revolution, the British leaded to that era. In the second one, the dominant country had been Germany above the British. And finally, in the late 20th century, U.S. emerged as a world power in the last industrial revolution. The questions to be asked are: How did U.S become the best in the industrial world and what are the evidences of this strong dominance? . The success of U.S. in the industrial world originates from country's generic structure and ability to balance control and chaos side. To begin with, America is making the entrepreneurial jobs very well and this aspect allows U.S to play "the game of shutting-down and opening new ones" successfully. For instance, in 1981 AT&T was nearly breaking and in the 1984, the company fired more than five hundred thousand people in order to cut its excessive money flow. However, entering 21st century, AT&T became one of the most strong telephone companies in the world. Even if the company didn't shutdown during 1980's, they showed a significant improvement in the industry. Additionally, when it comes to playing in a knowledge-based economy, U.S. leads the industrial world. For instance, in Nevada gold production has doubled in the recent years. Of course, the reason is not a new-discovered gold reserve but the technological improvements. Nevada became the place where 10% of world gold production takes place. Not only did those two generic structure of the country made U.S. a leader in the world economy but also its ability to balance control and chaos sides served America considerably. Regarding Lester Thurow, balancing those two things are considerably important. Because, in order to put the creativity in economic use, a country should balance both chaos and control side. For instance, the most creative country in the second half of 20th century was probably Russia. Authors like Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, and Pushkin, artists such as Kandinsky, Tchaikovsky, and scientists like Pavlov, Mendeleev were grown up during this era. But everything was so chaotic and they couldn't put this creativity in economic use. They could not balance the line between the productivity and order. And they had lost the game of technology. However, U.S. technology was not suppressed by order. Because country's productivity can supply the willing of society. As a consequence, U.S.'s dominance on the world economy has been a result of its generic structure like entrepreneurship and knowledge-based economy, and of its right balance between chaos and control side. The evidences of this dominance become more clear after playing the game better than others. For example, the wealthiest man in the world, Bill Gates, is from U.S. Today's seven of the twenty-five biggest U.S. companies didn't exist in the 1960's but all of twenty-five biggest companies in Europe did exist at these times. Another example, while there were only two American firms among the world's ten largest in 1990, nine of those firms were American in 1998. Similarly in finance, in the 1990, none of the American banks was among the world's biggest fifteen, but at the 1998, nine of those were American. The last but not least, as Lester C. Thurow indicates, during the decade of 1990's $2 trillion will be added to the U.S. Gross domestic product (GDP). This amount is larger than GDP's of all the countries in the world except Japan. So, it's obvious that U.S. dominated world

How to Use Comments in Java Code

How to Use Comments in Java Code Java comments are notes in a Java code file that are ignored by the compiler and runtime engine. They are used to annotate the code in order to clarify its design and purpose. You can add an unlimited number of comments to a Java file, but there are some best practices to follow when using comments. Generally, code comments are implementation comments that explain the source code, such as descriptions of classes, interfaces, methods, and fields. These are usually a couple of lines written above or beside Java code to clarify what it does. Another type of Java comment is a Javadoc comment. Javadoc comments differ slightly in syntax from implementation comments and are used by the program javadoc.exe to generate Java HTML documentation. Why Use Java Comments? Its good practice to get into the habit of putting Java comments into your source code to enhance its readability and clarity for yourself and other programmers. It isnt always instantly clear what a section  of Java code is performing. A few explanatory lines can drastically reduce the amount of time it takes to understand the code. Do They Affect How the Program Runs? Implementation comments in Java code are only there for humans to read. Java compilers dont care about them and when compiling the program, they just skip over them. The size and efficiency of your compiled program will not be affected by the number of comments in your source code. Implementation Comments Implementation comments come in two different formats: Line Comments: For a one line comment, type // and follow the two forward slashes with your comment. For example: // this is a single line comment int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); When the compiler comes across the two forward slashes, it knows that everything to the right of them is to be considered as a comment. This is useful when debugging a piece of code. Just add a comment from a line of code you are debugging, and the compiler wont see it: // this is a single line comment // int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); You can also use the two forward slashes to make an end of line comment: // this is a single line comment int guessNumber (int) (Math.random() * 10); // An end of line comment Block Comments: To start a block comment, type /*. Everything between the forward slash and asterisk, even if its on a different line, is treated as a  comment until the characters */ end the comment. For example: /* this is a block comment */ /* so is this */ Javadoc Comments Use special Javadoc comments to document your Java API. Javadoc is a tool included with the JDK that generates HTML documentation from comments in source code. A Javadoc comment in  .java  source files is enclosed in start and end syntax like so:  /**  and  */. Each comment within these is prefaced with a  *.   Place these comments directly above the method, class, constructor or any other Java element that you want to document. For example: // myClass.java/** * Make this a summary sentence describing your class.* Heres another line. */public class ​myClass{...} Javadoc incorporates various tags that control how the documentation is generated. For example, the  param  tag defines parameters to a method: /** main method * param args String[] */​ public static void main(String[] args) ​{ ​ System.out.println(Hello World!);​ } Many other tags are available in Javadoc, and it also supports HTML tags to help control the output. See your Java documentation for more detail. Tips for Using Comments Dont over comment. Every line of your program does not need to be explained. If your program flows logically and nothing unexpected occurs, dont feel the need to add a comment.Indent your comments. If the line of code you are commenting is indented, make sure your comment matches the indentation.Keep comments relevant. Some programmers are excellent at modifying code, but for some reason forget to update the comments. If a comment no longer applies, then either modify or remove it.Dont nest block comments. The following will result in a compiler error: /* this is /* This block comment finishes the first comment */ a block comment */

Is It Essential to Write Essay on Economics

Is It Essential to Write Essay on Economics How to Write an Economics Essay Tyler Cowen, a famous American economist, once said that economics is everywhere, and understanding economics can help you make better decisions and lead a happier life. Economics is a compulsory subject at most schools and colleges. It helps students understand the whole range of economic issues, their consequences, and possible solutions. Economics affects everyone, no matter who you are or who you are going to become. That`s why teachers do their best to make you interested in learning more about this interesting subject. Writing an economics essay is a great opportunity for you to provide a solution to the certain economic problem, give your opinion on some economic aspects and show your economic skills. That`s how you do it in the best way. Just Keep Calm and Get Prepared for the Process Of course, you might feel confused if your professor or teacher is asking you to write on monopoly and how the existence of a single dominant supplier for a commodity affects the marketplace and consumer demand theory. It sounds difficult, doesn`t it? But everything will change dramatically if you just read and analyze your question thoughtfully. The next step is to access resources and do some preliminary research. Determine what kinds of sources you need and get a sense for how much information is out there on your topic. Make a good set of notes while reading. It will help you write an essay that is full of relevant material. Then you should create a strong thesis statement that articulates the unifying theme of your essay. It should provoke an analysis, describe an idea or present an opinion. A thesis statement will keep your paper organized. You will definitely lose your reader if you meander through disconnected thoughts. Just write down the main ideas of your essay and combine them into several sentences. Arrange all your notes into a logical order to give your essay a proper structure. Every part of your writing should have a distinct purpose. Outline what exactly should be covered in each section of your essay. Remember that your plan should be elaborate. Take your word limit into account. Give equal attention to each part of your essay by breaking down the total word limit and assigning a general word limit to each section. Take the Next Step – Writing First of all, write the most important paragraph in your essay – introduction. Give your readers clear signposts for what they will be reading in your essay. Introduce the topic, give background information and let your readers know the focus of your paper. Write the building blocks of your essay – main paragraphs. Use sources and factual details that you have discovered during your research in order to give your arguments strength and weight. There is a golden rule – 1 idea= 1 paragraph. Each paragraph should have a topic sentence and supporting sentences with the evidence. Pull all your points together in the conclusion. A good technique is to restate your thesis statement in different words. Make readers sure that all your claims have been fully substantiated and developed. In no case, add any new material here. Final Step – Editing and Proofreading Check the content of your economics essay to ensure that all ideas are expressed logically and clearly. Make sure that your paper is targeted towards your specific audience, has an appropriate tone, and is consistent and coherent. Spot and correct errors in style, format, use of language, punctuation, grammar, typography, and spelling. It is very important to read your essay word by word in order not to miss anything. Still Find It Difficult to Write on Economics? There are no desperate situations. If your topic is too difficult for you or you just can`t organize your brilliant ideas, you can ask for professional help. Look through different essay service reviews and choose which one suits your needs best.

Globalization Photo and Statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Globalization Photo and Statement - Assignment Example In economics, globalization is essentially the convergence of prices, rates of interest, product wages and profits. The mentioned are directed towards developed country norms on the role of international trade, human migration, and integration of financial markets and movement of capital. The International Monetary Fund has noted the growing economic independence of many countries through the through the steady increase in volume and variety in the cross-border transactions. It has also noted the economic independence through free international capital flows as well as the rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Those supporting free trade point out that advantage suggest that comparative trade mostly leads to efficient allocation of resources. The trade therefore benefits generally leading to lower prices, more employment and higher living standards (Schaeffer

Technology management db 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology management db 3 - Essay Example In addition, having separate databases helps businesses run professionally and effectively (Umar, 2004). In other words, loss or damage of information in one database does not necessarily mean the business will close as there is a back-up. A large proportion of businesses today are opting to install wireless networks as opposed to wired networks. According to Oja and Parsons (2006), wireless networks are cheaper as compared to wired networks. Installing a wired network is considered very expensive, and also incurs extra costs in maintenance. A wireless network is also efficient and dependable as opposed to a wired network. This is because a wired network restricts movement while people using a wireless network can move freely, interact, and work from anywhere in the office. A wireless network also ensures the office is kept tidy and orderly as opposed to a wired network whereby wires are all over the office. A wireless network has a lot of benefits for a business or company. According to Gast (2005), unrestricted movement within the office elevates the level of productivity as workers are able to communicate easily, share ideas, and work in teams. It also saves time as it is easy to install, and saves the company money in terms of cost an

Intercultural communication Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication Essay Perception in psychology is defined as a process of obtaining information through one’s senses and interpreting that information as something meaningful. Perception can either be programmed into or learnt by a brain, or it can be formed due to one’s culture. Culture based perception is in some way influenced by experiences of culture and environment. For example, a person’s perception of right and wrong may be based on the norms of the society he lives in. Some characteristics of the American culture and their examples Individualism – American youth ‘move out’ to gain independence and to build their lives. Equality – providing equal opportunities to candidates during job recruitment processes. Materialism – the culture of recycling and having garage sales depicts how Americans value material goods and don’t waste resources. Science and technology – strong encouragement for science projects during schooling, and promoting it through movies and television. Progress and change – research and development in various fields is strongly supported by the government, so that the country may continue to be progressive and become a pioneer in every field. Work and leisure – as much importance as work is given in the American culture, there is equal attention paid to leisure and recreation – as is evident through the countless getaways and recreational family parks present in the country. Competition – incentive plans at work, and similar reward systems during education promote the notion of healthy competition among the Americans. Work, Dress, Sex and Status In America, work and productivity are considered important to achieve a high standard of living which is why the annual number of work hours has been increasing every year. Dressing habits tend to be highly informal – concepts like â€Å"Casual Fridays† at work reflect this part of the American culture. Sex education is imparted at an early stage to students to increase awareness about and to minimize sexually transmitted diseases. The culture of discriminating based on social status has been fading out as the notion of equality has started to spread more powerfully. Theories by Hofstede, Hall, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck to Analyze Culture These theories and the studies that had been conducted by these people, in my opinion, are quite useful in this age of globalization and ever-diminishing boundaries. They highlight the importance of differences in cultures worldwide, while also highlighting the similarities and therefore helping cross-culture psychologists find a common set of human values. Bibliography Mick Underwood (2006) CCMS – Communication studies, Culture studies, Media Studies Infobase by Mick Underwood. Retrieved on February 20, 2007 from: http://www. cultsock. ndirect. co. uk/MUHome/cshtml/index. html Wikipedia (2006) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on February 20, 2007 from: http://en. wikipedia. org.

Importance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Nights Dre

Importance of Speech in Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Richard III Speech is often the strongest indicator of personality and motivation in Shakespearean histories and comedies. Each turn of phrase is a small insight into the essence of the character. Stringing together each line from the mouth of the character allows the audience to discover each nuance created by Shakespeare. By connecting the actions to a manner of speech, which mirrors those actions, Shakespeare is able to create more believable and dynamic characters. Examining Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Richard III, certain archetypes emerge, each with a specific way of speaking. Villains with their quick and underhanded remarks contrast with the silence of the submissive women who are, in turn, foils to the strong willed and outspoken women. By developing stock characters, Shakespeare is able to use stereotypes as a starting point for all of his characters. Matching the speech with the actions of the stereotypes further cements the prototype and gives the audience a clear understanding of the character without detailed background information. Through speech and the development of archetypes, Shakespeare is able to create a more complete picture of his characters. The most developed and fascinating characters in Shakespearean histories and comedies are usually the villains, while they often lack an apparent motivation (beyond their immediate needs for either amusement or power). These characters reveal little to those around them and only uncover their schemes when alone or accompanied by their henchmen. Speech, for these villains, is usually very short with choppy phrases interjected into t... ...d. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Rutter, Carol. Clamorous Voices. Shakespeare's Women Today. New York: Routledge, 1989. Schanzer, Ernest.   "_A Midsummer-Night's Dream."   26-31 in Kenneth Muir, ed. Shakespeare: The Comedies: A Collection of Critical Essays.   Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1965. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Vaughn, Jack A. Shakespeare's Comedies.   New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980 Watts, Cedric. Much Ado About Nothing. London: Penguin, 1986. Wells, Stanley & Gary Taylor, General Eds.   _William Shakespeare: The _Complete Works.   New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Young, David P.   Something of Great Constancy: The Art of A Midsummer Night's Dream.   New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.

Autobiography †What life means to me? Essay

I was born on 28th of April 1991. I started my education from a nearby primary school called Ladybird. I was living with my parents, three brothers and my sister. At the age of 5 I was in class 1 in Toronto School of Academic Excellence. In 1996 I had an outstanding vacation to Canada for 2 months. We liked it so much that we visited to Canada again in 1998 and 2000. What life means to me? â€Å"In the end, it’s not going to matter how many breaths you took, but how many moments took your breath away†. â€Å"When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile†. Unforgettable Moments Some memories are unforgettable. I have two moments to share. One of them is a happy moment whilst the other one is sad. However I will share the sad one first so I can end my autobiography with a happy ending. It was about one of the most burning hot afternoon, the temperature would have been around 35 to 40 degree centigrade. I was with my brother in the car, and my dad was sitting on a bench across the street, outside the AGA Khan Hospital. My mom was in the hospital for a routine check up. I wanted to go to my dad across the street. As my brother was sleeping in the car, I decided to go by myself. I could see my dad talking to a person next to him. I was only 7 years old. As I was young and immature, without looking right and left, I started crossing the road and headed towards my dad impatiently. When I was only half way across unexpectedly I heard tires screeching and felt a sudden rush of pain coming from my legs. It happened all so quickly. Within a jiffy I was laying flat on the street crowded by dozens of people. When I gained consciousness I saw my mom crying and sitting beside me in the car and holding me in her arms. I saw my feet covered with by mom’s blood soaked scarf. The first hospital we went to said that they couldn’t do anything because it was a police case. Due to lack of time and excessive bleeding from my feet and bruises on my head, we couldn’t wait for the police so they told us to go to another hospital that do not have stringent rules about police case victims. So my dad drove as fast as he could. He was driving through the hot dry wind. And the frigid wind screamed across the wilderness. Finally, we got there on time and the doctors bandaged my feet and cleaned up my bruises. I was ordered to have three days of bed rest. My brother got told off, as he ought to have taken care of me. But still my dad calmed down after looking at me. I felt sorry for my brother and I knew it was entirely my fault. I learned a lesson in this incident that â€Å"never cross the road without someone older than you or if you are mature enough then you should look around before crossing the road. Well that was the bad part. Now it’s time for the good part. I don’t really remember when this happened as it is a bit of a blur in my memory but still I managed to remember the gist of it. It was before my ninth birthday. When my dad took me to the market to buy some groceries. When we were going inside the grocery shop, the bicycle shop next to it caught my eyes. I was crazy about bikes. When I saw my dad busy buying groceries, I sneaked outside and started exploring the different bikes and their advanced mechanisms like their smooth brakes. I just could not get my hands off those bikes as, I had always dreamed of having one. I started to visualize myself with each one of those bikes, riding swiftly down the streets, smashing through the autumn breeze. I was so engrossed in my day dreaming that I didn’t hear what the shopkeeper said but his interruption broke the chain of my dreams. I asked the shopkeeper how much would the bike cost to which he instantly replied â€Å"18000 rupees†. I started to wonder that this was too expensive and would take a lot of my months pocket money to get to 18000 rupees and probably by that time I would not have so much of a crave for those bikes. I was so disappointed that I left the shop without saying a word. I went back to the grocery shop and started looking for my dad. A voice came from behind â€Å"Salman I am behind you†. I ran towards him excitedly. I wanted to tell him about the bikes but I thought to myself that they are too expensive. I should just let them go. Looking at my facial expression, my dad asked me â€Å"what’s wrong do you want to say something son? † I sighed, and said â€Å"No it’s ok†. We walked back home together and I was quiet for most of the journey, still imagining those fascinating bikes. The next morning when I woke up my mom wished me happy birthday and hugged me. There was no one at home. My brother and sister had already left for school and my dad was at work. I waited for them to come back so I could cut my chocolate cake topped with cherry and vanilla icing. It looked so delicious. I just could not wait to get a mouth full of the soft chocolate. Everyday my dad used to be home by six in the evening but for some reason he was late. I waited for him anxiously so that I could cut my cake and open up my presents. Finally he was home at seven and surprisingly he was not alone. He had bought me the same bike. I could not believe my eyes. I was completely gob smacked. I stood there for a couple of minutes staring at the bike. It seemed too good to be true. I was jumping all around with excitement. After I had released my excitement, I started to look at my dad and I tried to work out â€Å"how he knew that I wanted this bike†. I was still thinking about it when he started to answer my thought by saying â€Å"I saw you at the bicycle shop and I was very aware of your passion for bicycles† I was completely astonished that he even knew what I was thinking just by reading my face. He continued saying that â€Å"Parents always know about their children’s needs†. I thought â€Å"that just explains it all†. It was the best birthday I ever had. These are some of the moments I wanted to share with everyone. I can’t forget these two episodes of my life. They play a very important part in my life.

Modern Beliefs and Religion Essay

Children are influenced by the environment that they are subjected to. It is the responsibility of practitioners and other adults who are in contact with children to ensure that they are presented with positive ideas and images in order to support their moral and spiritual development. Task 1: A child’s spiritual development includes the development of their sense of self, their potential, their understanding of their strengths and weaknesses, and their motivation to achieve. Their moral development involves children gaining an understanding of the difference between right and wrong, a concern for others and the will to do what is right. They begin to be able to reflect on the consequences of their actions and learn how to forgive others and themselves. Moral and spiritual development is taught through all subjects of the curriculum and in particular RE and PSHE. Early years care practitioners help to support children’s moral and spiritual development throughout their early development stages. Practitioners help to do this by using inclusion, this is where they provide children with the opportunity to learn and develop through activities and other types of school work. However, the practitioners may need to amend activities to meet all the different children’s needs and requirements; e.g. a child with special educational needs may need work sheets in a certain font size to enable them to read it with ease. Another way in which practitioners may help to meet each child’s aims is to provide ability appropriate activities. It is important for early year’s practitioners to do this as the children will then realise that everyone can join in activities even if they have specific needs. This will result in the children feeling valued and building on their self-esteem. An early year’s practitioners should behave morally correct for the children to follow and look up to as a role model/example as children imitate and learn behaviour from others who are significant to them. To support children’s moral and spiritual development it is essential for the early year’s practitioner to praise and encourage children’s healthy behaviour. Practitioners should encourage children to tell the truth, keep promises, respect others, care for the less fortunate, and to accept responsibility for their own actions. Behaviour like bullying, lying, cruelty, irresponsibility, and selfishness should be expressed to the children as morally wrong, and it could upset or hurt other individuals. How care practitioners support moral and spiritual development through; The learning environment: The school, but mainly the classroom provides a suitable environment for promoting and supporting moral and spiritual development. Children learn to lead, use their initiative, and become disciplined through learning what is right and wrong. It will help to create positive personal relationships between children and adults, and they should be encouraged based on the value of and respect for every individual. The learning environment will help the children to be knowledgeable about the different celebrations that take place in a diverse society e.g. Diwali, Christmas, Easter and so on. Sensitivity: Practitioners should emphasis to children that they should values themselves and others as everyone has a place and a role within society. Also, the preparation for life within a diverse society should be included into the children’s teaching to ensure they are aware that there are many different cultures and beliefs living in one society. Another role the practitioners need to take is to ensure children are aware of the role of the family in society. Inclusive behaviour: This involved promoting values, for example, explaining to the children that they should tell the truth and not lie to other children or adults. With this children should respect others and treat people the way in which they want to be treated. Practitioners should include all children within the day to day activities and plan for those with extra specific needs. Considering spirituality even without a structured belief system: Children should be able to explore their own beliefs and think about what they may belief without the practitioners putting bias views on them. Practitioners should encourage children to look more deeply into their own belief and explain it is okay to have a different belief compared to their other peers. Task 2: Early year Practitioners must make sure that they are keeping each individual safe so that they don’t victimize any child in the setting regarding their religion or beliefs or any other structure in their life such as culture as this will destroy the child’s self-esteem or may begin to lose their beliefs. At placement each practitioner values each child to making sure that that they are not picking on any child because of their religion or beliefs. Practitioners must make sure that they include all children to the activities making sure that the children are in a diverse atmosphere at all times so the children will be able to follow their beliefs. The practitioners should set up activities that relate to a religion introducing the children to different religious celebrations etc. so that the Children would be aware of other religions around them. Practitioners should read books that include different religions for the children to gain more knowledge about there and other religions. At placement spiritual development is promoted as we have many books about religious celebrations such as; Christmas, Ramadan, Easter and many more. This teaches the children to respect other beliefs as they are aware of other religious festivals. At early years settings practitioners must persuade children to tell the truth and also telling them what will happen if they were to be lying to one of the practitioners. For the practitioners to be able to encourage children to tell the truth practitioners should have activities like role play for the children to take part in as by this activity the practitioner can show the children that it is bad to lie. Practitioners should also encourage discipline to children, such as if a child is doing the wrong thing such as ripping a book the practitioners that see it must talk to the child immediately and let them know that ripping a book is wrong and explain in detail for the child to understand. This way children learn from their mistakes what they did was wrong, by punishing the child for instance putting the child in time out will persuade them not to do it again. Care practitioners also need to teach children about valuing themselves and others around them. This will in return build an atmosphere in which peers respect one another and also respect members of staff/adults. Practitioners can help children grasp a sense of valuing themselves by praising them if they have done something good, for example, if the child helped to tidy up, or doing something extra than what they normally would do, then praising the child will make them feel good about themselves. The child will feel as though they have achieved something good and will therefore be happy with themselves. However, the practitioner may find it hard to teach the children to value others around them as children find it difficult to empathize how others feel and respect others when they are young. This mainly comes with age, but a firm grounding from the practitioner will help. Teaching them things like the common saying of ‘treat people how you want to be treated’. When children have been unkind to one another the practitioner may want to ask them questions like ‘How would it make you feel if someone did that to you?’ This will allow the children to begin to value others as they will realize that unkind actions may hurt or upset others.

Controversial Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Controversial Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industry A study published on March 2006 indicates that the way oncologists are paid may influence decisions on drugs they chose to use in chemotherapy. Although payment method does not influence the choice of chemotherapy over other methods of treatment, once doctors decide to use chemotherapy, the payment system used prompts some doctors to either use cheap or expensive drugs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Controversial Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pollsters from Harvard University and the University of Michigan note that openhandedly refunded suppliers prescribed expensive chemotherapy tablets to lung, metastatic breast, and colorectal cancer patients. Oncologists can benefit from chemotherapy concession as they are compensated for the cost of drugs administered intravenously in their offices. Insurance reimbursements are very high compared to purchase prices of the drugs. The potential conflict of interest influences doctors’ decisions. Instead of basing their choice of drugs on clinical evidence, studies show that treatment decisions are affected by financial factors, payment policies, and gifts from drug manufacturing companies. This study is a clear indication of pharmaceutical malpractices in which doctors are swayed from their primary focus of ensuring patients’ wellbeing to vested interests in financial gains. An analysis of articles written about Avandia, a diabetes drug found that experts who received financial favors from the drug’s manufacturer, GlaxoSmithKline were likely to draw favorable conclusions about the safety and efficacy of the drug. Avandia is prescribed to help control the level of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies show that the drug is associated with increased possibility of a heart attack. A research to explore links between author’s opinions and financial interests reviewed 202 articles. Grading the outcome by independent reviewers without conflict of interest, it was found that 108 (53%) of the articles had conflict of interest phrases and 90 (45%) had financial interests vested in their writing. Authors reporting favorable opinions about the drug had been paid by either GlaxoSmithKline or their competitors. From this, 87% of those who gave favorable opinions had conflicts of interest with the manufacturer. On the other hand, only 20% of those with unfavorable opinions about the drug had been paid by the manufacturer of the drug.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to GlaxoSmithKline’s spokeswoman, out of 202 articles, only 20 were based on scientific research. This study shows the implications of research in the well being of the society. If researchers have vested interests other than reporting the truth, the findings will a lways be biased. In 1999, GlaxoSmithKline began a study to establish if Avandia posed fewer risks to the heart than Actos, manufactured by Takeda. Research carried out concluded that Actos was still superior over Avandia and more dangerous to the heart. Reports indicate that the company did not publish the results and tried to find ways of covering them up for the next 11 years. The company’s executive wrote in an e-mail message that the study findings should not get to the public. Reports show that the company knew of the risks of heart attacks posed by Avandia after the introduction of the drug in 1999 and chose to keep the results from the public. The company’s main fear was loss of sales that could result from publicizing the drug’s cardiovascular safety risks. Withholding data about safety of the medicine manufactured in a company puts patients at risk. In 2004, the company was also found to have hidden information showing that Paxil depressants led teenage rs and children to have suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Cave Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World

Cave Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World Cave art, also called parietal art or cave paintings, is a general term referring to the decoration of the walls of rock shelters and caves throughout the world. The best-known sites are in Upper Paleolithic Europe. There polychrome (multi-colored) paintings made of charcoal and ochre, and other natural pigments, were used to illustrate extinct animals, humans, and geometric shapes some 20,000-30,000 years ago. The purpose of cave art, particularly Upper Paleolithic cave art, is widely debated. Cave art is most often associated with the work of shamans- religious specialists who may have painted the walls in memory of past or support of future hunting trips. Cave art was once considered evidence of a creative explosion, when the minds of ancient humans became fully developed. Today, scholars believe that human progress towards behavioral modernity began in Africa and developed much more slowly. The Earliest and Oldest Cave Paintings The oldest yet dated cave art is from El Castillo Cave, in Spain. There, a collection of handprints and animal drawings decorated the ceiling of a cave about 40,000 years ago. Another early cave is Abri Castanet in France, about 37,000 years ago; again, its art is limited to handprints and animal drawings. The oldest of the lifelike paintings most familiar to fans of rock art is the truly spectacular Chauvet Cave in France, direct-dated to between 30,000-32,000 years ago. Art in rock shelters is known to have occurred within the past 500 years in many parts of the world, and there is some argument to be made that modern graffiti is a continuation of that tradition. Dating Upper Paleolithic Cave Sites One of the great controversies in rock art today is whether we have reliable dates for when the great cave paintings of Europe were completed. There are three current methods of dating cave paintings. Direct dating, in which conventional or AMS radiocarbon dates are taken on tiny fragments of charcoal or other organic paints in the painting itselfIndirect dating, in which radiocarbon dates are taken on charcoal from occupation layers within the cave that are somehow associated with the painting, such as pigment-making tools, portable art or collapsed painted roof or wall blocks are found in datable strataStylistic dating, in which scholars compare the images or techniques used in a particular painting to others which have already been dated in another manner Although direct dating is the most reliable, stylistic dating is the most often used, because direct dating destroys some part of the  painting and the other methods are only possible in rare occurrences. Stylistic changes in artifact types have been used as chronological markers in seriation since the late 19th century; stylistic changes in rock art are an outgrowth of that philosophical method. Until Chauvet, painting styles for the Upper Paleolithic were thought to reflect a long, slow growth to complexity, with certain themes, styles and techniques assigned to the Gravettian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian time segments of the UP. Direct-Dated Sites in France According to von Petzinger and Nowell (2011 cited below), there are 142 caves in France with wall paintings dated to the UP, but only 10 have been direct-dated. Aurignacian (~45,000-29,000 BP), 9 total: ChauvetGravettian (29,000-22,000 BP), 28 total: Pech-Merle, Grotte Cosquer, Courgnac, Mayennes-SciencesSolutrian (22,000-18,000 BP), 33 total: Grotte CosquerMagdalenian (17,000-11,000 BP), 87 total: Cougnac, Niaux, Le Portel The problem with that (30,000 years of art primarily identified by modern western perceptions of style changes) was recognized by Paul Bahn among others in the 1990s, but the issue was brought into sharp focus by the direct dating of Chauvet Cave. Chauvet, at 31,000 years old an Aurignacian period cave, has a complex style and themes that are usually associated with much later periods. Either Chauvets dates are wrong, or the accepted stylistic changes need to be modified. For the moment, archaeologists cannot move completely away from stylistic methods, but they can retool the process. Doing so will be difficult, although von Pettinger and Nowell have suggested a starting point: to focus on image details within the direct-dated caves and extrapolate outward. Determining which image details to select to identify stylistic differences may be a thorny task, but unless and until detailed direct-dating of cave art becomes possible, it may be the best way forward. Sources Bednarik RG. 2009. To be or not to be Palaeolithic, that is the question.  Rock Art Research  26(2):165-177. Chauvet J-M, Deschamps EB, and Hillaire C. 1996. Chauvet Cave: The worlds oldest paintings, dating from around 31,000 BC.  Minerva  7(4):17-22. Gonzlez JJA, and Behrmann RdB. 2007. C14 et style: La  chronologie  de  l’art  parià ©tal   l’heure  actuelle.  LAnthropologie  111(4):435-466. doi:j.anthro.2007.07.001 Henry-Gambier D, Beauval C, Airvaux J, Aujoulat N, Baratin JF, and Buisson-Catil  J. 2007. New hominid remains associated with Gravettian parietal art (Les Garennes, Vilhonneur, France).  Journal of Human Evolution  53(6):747-750. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.003 Leroi-Gourhan A, and Champion S. 1982.  The dawn of European art: an introduction to Palaeolithic cave painting.  New York: Cambridge University Press. Mà ©lard N, Pigeaud R, Primault J, and  Rodet  J. 2010.  Gravettian painting and associated activity at Le Moulin de  .  Antiquity  84(325):666–680.Laguenay  (Lissac-sur-Couze, Corrà ¨ze) Moro Abadà ­a O. 2006.  Art, crafts and Paleolithic art.  Journal of Social Archaeology 6(1):119–141. Moro Abadà ­a O, and Morales MRG. 2007. Thinking about style in the post-stylistic era: reconstructing the stylistic context of Chauvet.  Oxford Journal of Archaeology  26(2):109-125. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2007.00276.x Pettitt PB. 2008. Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art.  Journal of Human Evolution  55(5):908-917. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.003 Pettitt, Paul. Dating European Palaeolithic Cave Art: Progress, Prospects, Problems. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Alistair Pike, Volume 14, Issue 1, SpringerLink, February 10, 2007. Sauvet  G, Layton R, Lenssen-Erz T, Taà §on P, and Wlodarczyk A. 2009. Thinking with Animals in Upper Palaeolithic Rock Art.  Cambridge Archaeological Journal  19(03):319-336. doi:10.1017/S0959774309000511 von Petzinger G, and Nowell A. 2011.  A question of style: reconsidering the stylistic approach to dating Palaeolithic parietal art in France.  Antiquity  85(330):1165-1183.

Identify and explain the principal techniques of transfer pricing, and Essay

Identify and explain the principal techniques of transfer pricing, and comment on likely developments in transfer pricing in an era of globalization - Essay Example In contrast, a market price is not determined by an individual but prevails to any participant within a market set-up involving exchange of goods and services between unrelated persons. We note that the market price cannot be tampered with and every person strives to maximize on own gains. Prices within the conventional market scene are determined by forces of market while the transfer prices are determined and set by an individual and thus are not negotiated freely or openly. This implies that transfer prices would often deviate from the conventional market prices within the same or alike market circumstances. It is worth to note that subsidiaries to one enterprise operating within one country face similar operational environment and hence the transfer prices poses similar problems of tax avoidance while compared to subsidiaries operating within different countries. With multinationals running various subsidiaries in different countries, which have different regulatory frameworks, t axation problems through transfer prices are very pronounced. The most prevalent problem with price transfers with multinationals is the tendency of subsidiaries stating inaccurate prices in order to lower profit margins to avoid high taxation. Beside, multinationals manipulate transfer prices through the internal payment networks with the goods they share between one to another. Therefore, the channels adopted within trading transactions by multinational subsidiaries, some price distortions are possible which may not be possible within the uncontrolled trading transactions by unrelated/unaffiliated trading companies. There are a number of principles techniques, which are applied in transfer pricing and which determine the overall outcome in price transfers. The methods of transfer pricing involve ways of calculation of margins of profits of business transactions within an entire business enterprise. However, it is worth

Dimensions of Intercultural Communication in Organizations Essay

Dimensions of Intercultural Communication in Organizations - Essay Example Japan, having a population of about 127 million people, is well-known for its business skills all around the world. Japan is the territory of peace and harmony that maintains to progress in an affirmative amalgamation of tradition and renovation. By means of its sophisticated and vibrant history and culture, Japan has shaped an individual form of hierarchy, respect and protocol that is still revealed in numerous social and business experiences at present. If some organization plans to do business with Japan, prospective victory lies under an understanding of this ethnically influenced protocol. The literacy rate in Japan is around 100 percent and 95 percent of the Japanese people have a high school learning. Japan is a dynamic, wealthy and thriving state, with the world's second largest financial system. Japanese consumers pay out hundreds of billions of dollars on foodstuff, outfits, tour, leisure and a broad range of further consumer supplies and services every year. The top Japanese companies are along with the most competent and unbeatable firms in the globe. Joblessness is down to approximately 4.1%, lesser than in most industrial nations. The standard Japanese household has above $100,000 in reserves, and disposable earnings of around $4,000 for each month. The majority of Japanese managers think that their ... Therefore, Japanese employees look for opportunities to take part in the management procedure. Resembling their workers, Japanese managers acquire a participatory approach. Participative Japanese leaders exercise a combination of both task centered and people centered perspectives to direct subordinates. Owing to this participative attitude, Japan is frequently used like an illustration of William Ouchi's Theory Z administrator Theory Z administration consists of the following Japanese management features. 1. Leaders and workers are equally motivated by a prevailing sense of commitment for their organization. 2. Workers look for responsibility and struggle for opportunities to progress in an association. 3. Groups are pleased with themselves when they contribute to managerial accomplishment by teamwork. 4. Japanese organizations offer a lifetime job security which develops strong relationships of sincerity among the workers and managers. Japanese managers distinguish with Theory X administrators like those from Middle Eastern states or Indonesia who think that their employees are naturally indolent. Theory X managers are strict, and hence exercise force and pressure of penalties to complete the task properly (Hodgetts & Luthans, 2003). Theory Z managers as of Japan are also dissimilar from leaders in China, Europe and North America who normally track the more paternalistic Theory Y perspective. In Theory Y, managers believe that employees will struggle and look for increased challenge and accountability counting on the rewards related with task attainment. Since Theory Z is participative, Japanese associations

The Value of Ethical Theories for Providing Moral Decisions Essay

The Value of Ethical Theories for Providing Moral Decisions - Essay Example When a person tries to achieve something with a help of cheating, he exposes weakness and inability to reach the goal with own strength. Such person shows the lack of any respect to the sport rules and regulations. The most important thing for him is a victory, disregarding the ways of getting it. However, real sportsman is able to cherish winning as well as the process of competition and game per se equally, because only in a fair game it is possible to enjoy the moment of victory in the fullest way. The queries of breaking rules are the problems of neglect of sport ethics along with existence of weak moral principles.In addition to personal understanding of what is acceptable and what is not, there is also a matter of existed NCAA rules that seem to be not effective. In this respect, it is very essential to provide higher academic standards with reviewed rule book and set new parameters for athletic scholarships. As Nevin Shapiro stated, â€Å"I did it because I could and because nobody stepped in to stop me†. It is well known that NCAA can not control boosters, donators and mentors, but players, coaches and their assistants should be always under careful watch. The consequences of the Miami’s scandal lie not on the players, who, perhaps, due to own young age did not realize what they were doing, but on coaches, who overlooked the situation or merely concealed it.Consequently, for not losing self-respect and recognition of surrounded people, it is vital to comply with main rules in a fair sport competition.

Dietary Analysis and Reflection

Dietary Analysis and Reflection Diet Analysis Summary Final MyPlate.gov was very informative. It was nice to start the class out with a website that was very detailed but still interesting so you weren’t overwhelmed with the vast amount of information. It was easy to maneuver and find the information you needed. It is a very useful tool for an individual to use so they can learn the proper portions of a healthy diet. The individual plan you can receive from a licensed dietitian on the Super Tracker portion of MyPlate.gov is a wonderful feature. It can keep track and inform you if you have reached your goal for each food group, how many calories you’ve eaten per day, and the target amount of physical activity you should be doing per week. Each food group section under the MyPlan portion of the SuperTracker gives you the exact amount of ounces needed for your personal calorie goal. It breaks down how much an ounce is in popular foods, for example, 1 ounce of bread is 1 regular slice and 1 ounce of brown rice is  ½ cup. The indiv idualized sample meal plans take the guess work out of planning your weekly meals. It is designed to meet your individual nutritional needs and your personal calorie goals. Unfortunately, I haven’t used it since it was a part of the assignment many weeks ago. Since my diet isn’t well balanced and I need to add healthier selections off all the food groups into my diet MyPlate.gov is a great place for me to start. It can help me do some weekly meal planning since that is a huge weakness of mine. I can make healthier choices for myself and my family with the help of MyPlate.gov. Carbohydrates are a huge weakness for me as I love sugary candies, breads, pastas, chips, and juices. Each one of my weaknesses has an excess amount of sugars. When I eat too many sugars my digestive tract delivers glucose to my bloodstream and that carries the glucose to my liver and body cells. However, my body cells do not need any additional glucose so it is stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver. Once those stores are full the body cells go from burning fat to burning the excess glucose which leaves excess fat floating in my bloodstream until it’s picked up by fatty tissues and stored. Unfortunately, the fatty tissues have an unlimited capacity to store fat. An excess of blood glucose can lead to type II diabetes which can lead to circulation problems and nerve damage. Low blood pressure and nerve damage can lead to loss of blood flow to the kidneys which damages them, increased likelihood of infections, and possible loss of limbs due to gangrene and amputation. How I can prevent type II diabetes is to reach a healthy body weight of 120 pounds. To do that I need to eat healthy meals that are moderate in calories low in saturated fat, high in vegetables, fruit, legumes, chicken, fish, and whole grains. I need to be physically active, and limit my alcohol intake. The best way for me to cut out the excess sugars in my diet is to switch the sugary candies and chips with fruit and vegetables. Change the breads and pastas I eat to 100% whole grain bread. Stop drinking fruit juices and replace them with water. Doing all this can also increase my soluble and insoluble fiber intake which can help reduce my risk if type II diabetes, alleviate or prevent constipation, and lower my risk for digestive tract cancers. The changes I have made this semester about my carbohydrate consumption are; I have replaced my breads and pastas with whole wheat breads and pastas. I’ve increased the amount of vegetables and fruits I’m eating daily. Unfortunately , I haven’t decreased the amount of chips and sugary candies. It has been and still is a very stressful time for me and when I’m stressed I eat and I prefer to eat chips and candies. I have a great weakness for eating foods that are high in cholesterol and fat. I’ve enjoyed eating items like shrimp Alfredo and hamburgers and French fries. I have an elevated risk of developing heart disease because I am overweight, I eat high cholesterol and fatty foods, and I am physically inactive. The recommended daily amounts of fat for someone like Me Is 37 to 66 grams; whereas my average daily intake was 75grams. The recommended daily amount of cholesterol should be less than 300mg; whereas my average daily intake was 367mg. If I continue to eat this way I will develop heart issues like hypertension, atherosclerosis which can lead to coronary heart disease or stroke; I am also at high risk for developing cancer. I can lower my blood cholesterol by focusing on low cholesterol foods, low saturated fat foods, and Trans fat free foods like whole grains, fruits, soy, vegetables, fatty fish, oats, and beans. I need to become more physically active. Even doing simple things can impact my physical activity level like using the stairs instead of the elevator or I can wash my car instead of taking it to a car wash. One of the best changes I can make to improve my health is to start eating fatty fishes like sea bass, herring, trout, and salmon. These fish are an excellent source of omega-3. Omega-3’s can lower total cholesterol and LDL and can increase HDL. It can also lower the rates of some cancers by suppressing inflammation. Additional foods I can eat to fight cancer are crucifer vegetables like cabbage, cauliflower, and kale which boosts an enzyme in the body that fights cancer. All berries have a phytochemical that can slow down the growth of pre-malignant cells. Tomatoes have lycopene which can stop the growth of endometrial cancer. This semester I have decreased my red meat intake and have replaced it with chicken or turkey. When I cook at home I get a 3% fat ground turkey for our meals instead of ground beef. I have also changed the hamburg ers I make at home for turkey burgers or veggie burgers, and my family loves them. My biggest weakness with proteins is animal-derived proteins; I eat eggs almost every morning for breakfast and have an animal derived protein with almost every lunch and dinner. An excess amount of protein itself is not known to contribute to heart disease, but excess amount of animal-derived protein does. They add unnecessary fat calories and saturated fat to my diet. Eating all that animal-derived protein leaves out all the other sources of protein I can consume which are much healthier like whole grains, fruit, legumes, and vegetables. Since I eat a lot of animal-derived protein I have a higher risk in being obese, it causes adult bone loss, and I have a greater risk in heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. To lower my animal-deprived protein I can eliminate the eggs in my breakfast and eat oatmeal. For lunch I can have rice and beans instead of a lunch meat sandwich. For dinner I can make a tofu stir-fry instead of a grilled chicken breast. If I change at least one of my daily me als form animal-derived protein to vegetable-derived protein I can cut down the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat I consume. This semester I haven’t changed the types of proteins we consume. What I can do that wouldn’t change our routine to much is to switch out or eggs for egg beaters. For three tablespoons, which is the same as one egg, it has zero saturated fat and cholesterol but still has 5 grams of protein which is only 1 gram less than a normal egg but so much healthier. My diet is low in folate, vitamin C, and potassium; and it is high in sodium. A diet low in folate can lead to many problems like anemia, fatigue, headache, weakness, irritability, and mental confusion. Most adults are to have 400mcg a day of folate; my average was 186mcg per day. So I definitely need to consume more foods rich in folate like asparagus, pinto beans, and lentils. A diet low in vitamin C can lead to fatigue, joint pain, bone fragility, bruises, frequent infections, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing. Most adults are to have 75mg a day of vitamin C; my average was 49mg per day. So I definitely need to consume more foods rich in vitamin C like sweet red peppers, strawberries, and broccoli. A diet low in potassium can lead to confusion, muscle weakness, and paralysis. Most adults are to have 4700mg a day of potassium; my average was 1050mg per day. So I definitely need to consume more foods rich in potassium like lima beans, baked potato, and a banana. I can pick out s ymptoms that I suffer from, out of each of those deficiencies. A diet high in sodium is also very bad for my health. Over time my high sodium diet may damage the linings of my blood vessels in ways that makes hypertension more likely to develop. A high sodium diet can also lead to heart disease and stroke. Some of the foods I eat regularly that are high in sodium are chips, microwave popcorn, turkey dogs, and macaroni and cheese. All that food can easily be replaced with healthier options. The chips and popcorn can be replaced with the strawberries and sweet red peppers so I can also get the vitamin C I need. The turkey dogs and macaroni and cheese can be replaced with a baked potato and pinto beans. This semester I have been eating more fruits and vegetables so I fell like my folate, vitamin C, and potassium will be better but my sodium intake hasn’t been decreased. I’m still eating my chips and convenient food. My diet is low on both calcium and iron. The recommended daily amount of calcium is 1000mg a day. There were days when I was just under that amount, 750mg, because I would have milk and cereal sometime during the day. However, there were some days where I would only consume 200 mg of calcium. That fluctuation and having more days where I consumed less calcium I am at risk for osteoporosis. Since calcium supplements are less effective than the calcium found in food sources I should increase my consumption of calcium rich foods like tofu, milk, and broccoli. The recommended daily amount of iron is 18mg a day. The average amount of iron I consumed was 12mg. That’s only because one day I had consumed 21mg; that’s because 12 mg came from eating a fortified cereal. Other days ranged from 2-11mg. Having an iron deficiency I have a higher risk of becoming anemic, being weak and fatigued, having headaches, and impaired immunity. The best way for me to increase my iron consumptio n is to eat navy and black beans, spinach, and clams. I have tried to increase my calcium intake during this semester by eating more yogurt. I’m not a big milk drinker but I like soy milk and almond milk. When we can get back into our condo I plan on making smoothies for breakfast again. I made it with tofu, soy milk, yogurt, spinach, a banana, and frozen fruit. It was delicious and full of nutrients. According to my BMI I am considered obese our book even calls me extremely obese. I absolutely, with every fiber in my being, hate that word. That one word can just get under my skin and make me so angry. I understand I’m overweight and I need to lose all the excess pounds I’m carrying, but don’t degrade me! That word has such negative connotations that it only makes you feel even worse about yourself. Is that what that word is meant to do? Is it meant to humiliate you into losing weight? If so it doesn’t work on me, it does the exact opposite. I get so angry and defensive, but inside I’m embarrassed so I eat more and become unhappy. I already have such prejudices for being overweight that I don’t need a book to call me names. I can’t go to the grocery store and buy healthy food because I get comments from people asking if I’m on a diet and getting a â€Å"good for you for trying to be healthy†. Or if I go to the store to buy any type of junk food I always get the nasty stares or the comments of â€Å"are you sure you should be eating this†. So either way if you’re fat you can’t win. Never mind about going to the gym; if you want to find the most stuck up nasty people be an overweight person at a gym and they’ll find you. I understand that one of the best things I can do to live longer and healthier is to lose weight, but I feel like if I do that then I’m agreeing with society that I’m not good enough for them just the way I am, and I’m not ok with that. Finding out all the information about nutrition, and my specific diet, throughout this semester has made me realize I do need to make some changes. I have come up with 5 SMART goals to accomplish during the summer. My first goal is to make my meals more balanced with healthier selections. Starting Monday I will follow the MyPlate.org guidelines by adding more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and dairy to my diet. I will do this by adding a fruit and vegetable to each meal and snack; having some type of dairy with each meal like low-fat cheese or yogurt; and changing all my carbohydrates to 100% whole grains. I will reassess my progress in 4 weeks. My second goal is to lower my daily sodium intake by 1000mg by the end of June. I will actively look for low sodium food to replace the high sodium food I’m currently eating. Instead of having chips with my lunch Ill have carrots or celery. I will not sprinkle additional salt on to my food during meals. My average daily sodium intak e is at 3600mg so by the end of June I will have it to 2600mg or less and then reassess my sodium intake. Since a lot of my protein intake is from animals I would like to change that. My third goal is by the end of June one meal each day will be vegetarian. I will do this by substituting my animal protein with plant based protein. Instead of a turkey sandwich for lunch I can make a bowl of brown rice and beans; or for breakfast I can have oatmeal. Dinner I can make a tofu stir-fry with fresh vegetables. My fourth goal is to decrease the amount of sugary candies and chips I eat. My go to food when I’m stressed, feeling sad or lonely is candies and chips. By the end of July I will be able to switch my dependence on candies and chips to exercise and eating healthier. When I’m craving a candy I’ll go and drink a glass of water and eat an apple. Instead of sitting on the couch and feeling sorry for myself I’ll get up and go for a walk. My fifth and final goal is to be more active. By the end of July I will walk for 30 min on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and lift weights beginning with 3 reps of 25 on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. By the end of July I will reassess my physical abilities to see if I can increase my routine. My feeling on this assignment was that it was interesting and eye opening. The only complaint I have is with the 7 paragraphs, at least for myself it wasn’t that clear on what you were wanting for each paragraph. The 4 bullet points you wanted added to each paragraph didn’t fit in with all the paragraphs. One of the bullet points asked for you to discuss your successful strategies; what if you haven’t changed any part of your diet to have any strategies. With the paragraph about MyPlate the 4 bullet points were hard to incorporate into it. I did somewhat enjoy the class; I was getting tired of every chapter telling me I was going to die of heart disease and cancer. I need to teach myself to not be so defensive about this subject and to stop thinking that trying to improve myself doesn’t mean the person who I was wasn’t good enough. Works Cited ChooseMyPlate.gov.ChooseMyPlate.gov. USDA, 2014. Web. 09 May. 2014. Heartorg Home Page.Heart.org. American Heart Association, 2014. Web. 09 May. 2014. Learn About Cancer.Cancer.org. American Cancer Society, 2014. Web. 09 May. 2014. Supertracker.Supertracker.usda.gov. USDA, 2014. Web. 09 May. 2014. Webb, Frances Sizer., and Eleanor Noss. Whitney.Nutrition: Concepts Controversies. 13th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013. Print.

Free Essays - Evil and Good in Othello :: Othello essays

Evil and Good in Othello Life in general is often used as a system of ways to define what kind of person you are by its end. Shakespeare takes that theory into test upon his characters in his work of the famous play Othello. Through the verbal twists and turns along with the addition of color symbolisms, the personalities of Othello, Iago, Desdemona are revealed to their fullest extents, along with their own balance of good and evil within. When this is realized by this famous Shakespearian work, the judgment of good and evil is carried out, and as a result of mass purging of emotions, neither prevails in the resolution. Othello, due to his Moorish nature but at the same time morally white and untainted, can be considered grey with the opening of the play, but possesses the potential to become either the most brilliant white or the darkest black. From the way that he is described by Iago and sometimes Brabantio, he is a dark beast lurking in the shadows, but he is as white as he can be by the Duke. Grey is a color not quite white nor black, hesitation and confusion wavering behind his eyes. This confusion is caused by his naiveté at trusting people too easily, and Iago eagerly takes this weakness to his advantage. So that when Iago manipulates Othello, Othello unknowingly gives in to the temptation, even going as far as telling Iago "I am bound to thee for ever" (III. iii. 242). Othello at this point is completely taken in with Iago's mind poisoning and willingly submits to him, yielding to his trickeries. Inevitably with a little push from Iago, Othello slowly goes down the path o f dark and pure blackness, with murder evident in mind. With Iago's tampering of his inner moralities, Othello turns black like a speeding snowball, once Iago set him on the right path. Everything else Othello had done the damage himself; Iago only suggested the notion in the most subtle of ways. Thus he sometimes "breaks out to savage madness" as Iago put it, when being put under such pressure (IV. i. 65). He is so far gone that he even has epileptic fits hearing of Desdemona's infidelity.

Medicine is the biggest epidemic in our time’ was Ivan Illich a prophet or a rumor monger Essay

‘Medicine is the biggest epidemic in our time’ was Ivan Illich a prophet or a rumormonger? Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ivan Illich is an Austrian philosopher, very popular for his of contribution of theories on the concept of medicalization. He has published many books on medicalization and has presented to a wider public the notion of iatrogenic disease. Medicine is a major therapy tool in social life, without proper medication human life could be highly constrained by many diseases surrounding it. Ivan Illich has had a contribution in the field of medicalization as philosopher by constructing theories that various medics have followed in their practice. Iatrogenesis is term that is used to refer illness that come as a result of medical activity and outweighs any positive benefit of medicine. Iatrogenesis was introduced into social science by Ivan Illich. According to Ivan, iatrogenesis had adverse effects on the industrial society as it enhanced the corruption, incapacitated individuals and limited freedom in an industrial set up. Illich outlined three m ajor types of iatrogenesis; these are; clinical, social and cultural iatrogenesis. Illich has theorized various phenomenon in medicalization and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay is particularly point out some theories that highlight whether Illich was a prophet or a rumormonger in the society and show some evidence based on his approaches on medicalization. The essay will as well focus on the notion of iatrogenesis and statistics that has been conducted in the UK based on statistics. Finally, the essay will show some views of Illich on medicalization and also how iatrogenesis can be prevented in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the statistics in the UK, it indicates that the estimation of 215,000 deaths every year have been caused by iatrogenic, whereby cancer and the heart disease are seen to be causing more deaths in every year(Shaffer, Philips, &Enzer, 2009, p.241). Some iatrogenic effects in most cases are fully defined and can be recognized easily, for instance those complications that need a surgical procedure. However, the less obvious complications need significant investigation to recognize, such as difficult drug interactions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ivan Illich who was a great thinker and a multilingual prolific writer on issues related to society and medicine attributed his concepts of medicalization and proposed his views towards the modern medicine in the society. Henceforth, Illich argues that the notion of medicine had deprived individuals and society of their capacity to cope with sickness and death (Basford, Lynn & Oliver Slevin, 2003, p.122). Therefore, based on Illich, iatrogenesiscannot be understood unless it is seen specifically medical manifestation of particular counter productivity. Illich points out the main three levels of iatrogenesis. The first level is the clinical iatrogenesis, this whereby the injury is depicted to the patients by unproductive, toxic and insecure treatment to the patients. The second level is the social iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of medicalization of life, and thirdly cultural iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of the destruction of traditional ways of dealing with and making sense of death, pain and illness. Therefore, based on the evidence in his works of medicine described for over twenty years, it is noted that Illich was not a rumormonger, but a philosophical prophet, based on his predictions and research on the concept of iatrogenesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ivan Illich has traced contemporary idea of the issue of epidemic in the societal context, and this notion has greatly focused on the main assumptions that lead to that epidemic. Based on his ideas, he argues on the progressing views on medicine; there is an empowerment model that has evolved out of the realization of epidemic and, therefore, patients cannot be forced to follow a lifestyle dictated by others towards the problem of medicalization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on Ivan Illich’s theories on his perspectives towards natural health, medicine undermines health of individuals not only based directly on aggression, but also over the impact of its social organization on the milieu. On that context, when the medical damage to the health of an individual is produced based on the sociopolitical mode of transmission. Thus, according to Illich, social iatrogenesisis designated in all impairments on regard to health that specifically to those socio-economic revolutions which have been made pretty, probable, or essential by the formal shape health care has taken (Kazer, 2008, p.209). Thus, based on his views towards the medicalization, the assumptions that erupt prevail that Illich was one person in the society who was seen as a prophet. Most people considered his ideas more especially his aspects on the iatrogenesis and through his open minded on the society, they regard his views to be those of a prophet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The iatrogenic death has become the third leading cause of death in the UK, surpassing the death by stroke. Based on different sources indicate that, between 200,000 and 250, 000 people are reported to die each year from Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) in the hospital setting (Kazer, 2008, p.289). On the same note, it is seen that deaths by ADRs kills over five times as the illegal combined in every year and that is the most conservative estimate that is outlined. Thus, the prescription drug Vioxx kills an estimated of 60,00 people by cardiac arrest alone and this figure does not reflect and account for any other fatal side effects such as the internal bleeding. In most cases, medicine undermines health and this is not only based on direct aggression against individuals but it has also an impact on the social organization on the total milieu. Therefore, medical damage to the individual health is enacted by the social iatrogenesis. This define s all the deficiencies that subdue to health and are due precisely to those socio-economic revolutions that have been made impressive, possible by the established shape health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iatrogenesis has many dimensions as per Ivan Illich’s concept. The undesirable side-effects of approved, mistaken, callous or contra-indicated technical contacts with the medical system represent only first level of pathogenic medicine. The belief of people that they cannot cope with illness without modern medicines reinforces and lays the ground for iatrogenesis by surrendering themselves to the doctors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Illich, he illustrates that the social iatrogenesisis not yet acknowledged as a collective etiology of sickness. He outlines that the diagnosis often serves as a means of turning political grievances besides the stress of growth into needs for more remedies that are just more of its expensive and demanding outputs; the industrial system would lose one of its major defenses. On the same note, responsiveness of the extent to which iatrogenic ill health is politically-communicated would shake the basics of medical power much more deeply than any catalogue of medicine’s technical faults. Based on this fact, his works and ideas portray the assumption of his research and these shows that he was not a rumourmonger but can be seen as a prophet in several aspects since his predictions indicated the notion of reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iatrogenesis designates a condition of illness, disease, injury or hostile health brought upon a patient as an indirect or direct result of medical diagnosis or cure. Therefore, when it comes to back pain, there are numerous common varieties of iatrogenesis, that subsidize to the on-set of symptoms, as well as the dissemination and worsening of existing conditions. Acute postoperative pain is followed by insistent pain in 10-50% of individuals after mutual operations, such as breast and thoracic surgery, groin hernia repair, and coronary artery bypass surgery leg amputation (Gould, Brooker& Gould, 2008, p.167). Iatrogenic complications are very common most people who are affected are the elderly than the young patients. These complications include the adverse effects as the interactions, falls, nosocomial infections, Pressure ulcers and other relevant complications to surgery, however, prevention is often possible, (O’dea& Erikson, 2010, p.341). For instance, the large percentage that is affected is the men. The statistics indicate that women live longer than women; however, the spend most of their lives with different disparities. The smoking rates between women in UK were slightly low compared to men; thus women smoke 25.1% while men 31.2%.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The initial step in stoppage is to categorize patients at high risk in order to know the way forward in which to help that particular individual. Risk factors may include the following. Prevention is the most crucial factor and determining the effective way to prevent such assumption is to overlook on that factors that contribute to such infections. After full recognition of that factors, focusing on the proper measures that should be taken into consideration to avoid those elements that affect the situation (Miller, 2013, p.178). Thus, interventions that can prevent iatrogenic complications may include the following: addressing proper medication to the patient by relying on primary evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Illich can is considered a prophet and not a rumourmonger. This declaration has evolved from a number of his assumptions on medicine and his approaches towards the medicalization that are entirely based on his research of over twenty years. For instance, in UK there are several individuals who die of diseases linked to the effect of iatrogenesis in every year. This aspect is seen to affect the elderly people more than the young. Illich’s views on medicalization are shown to be very significant to the society as they enlightened individuals to be aware of some aspects that lead to iatrogenesis. With the evidence on health system, his philosophies are examined to be very significant in society since they mainly focused on the main areas that analyze medicalization. His predictions in several aspects support his research on the health systems in society, and this fully defines him as a prophet. It has been documented tha t no substantial addition to life expectancy or the quality of life critically ill patients has been achieved by high tech cost medical technology.As a contrast, there are many medical interventions, which are simple, cheap and often without any need of medicine yet are quite effective. However, such simple remedies are often neglect or ignored altogether. The medicalization of life encourages our dependence on professional care, and on medical drugs. References Basford, L. & Oliver S. 2003.Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Patient Care. Cheltenham, U.K: Nelson Thornes. Gould, D., Brooker, C., & Gould, D. 2008. Infection prevention and control: applied microbiology for healthcare. Basingstoke [England], Palgrave Macmillan. Kazer, M. W. 2008. Essentials of gerontological nursing. New York, Springer. Miller, A. B. 2013. Epidemiologic studies in cancer prevention and screening. New York, NY, Springer. O’Dea, J. A., &Eriksen, M. P. 2010.Childhood obesity prevention: international research, controversies, and interventions. Oxford [U.K], Oxford University Press. Shaffer, D., Philips, I., &Enzer, N. B. 2009.Prevention of mental disorders, alcohol, and other drug use in children and adolescents. Rockville, Md. (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857), The Office. Source document